LED-Lighting Market Segmentation

At present, the LED lighting market can be roughly divided into two series: commercial lighting and indoor lighting. Commercial lighting and indoor lighting have different product series that can be subdivided. The common ones are as follows:
LED interior lighting
1. LED fluorescent lamps 2. LED spotlights 3. Desk lamps, wall lamps, chandeliers, ceiling lamps, ceiling lamps, 8. Down lamps, bulbs, etc.
LED commercial lighting
1. LED street lights, garden lights, tunnel lights, traffic lights, pool lights, lawn lights, 7. LED wall washer lights, 8. Landscape lights, etc.
LED Consumer Portable Lighting
1. LED flashlight, miner's lamp, diving lamp, camping lamp, etc.
Based on the current situation of the LED lighting industry, the products that small and medium-sized enterprises enter the field of LED lighting are: LED indoor lighting (such as: LED fluorescent lamps, spot lamps, table lamps, wall lamps, chandeliers, ceiling lamps, bulbs, etc.), the reason is: the technical threshold is related to commercial lighting In terms of lower requirements, smaller capital investment, and larger market capacity; payment and benefits take effect quickly; while commercial lighting (such as LED street lights, landscape lights, tunnel lights, traffic lights, garden lights, etc.) is related to LED lighting. The technical requirements are relatively high, and the investment in both R&D and the market is very large. The market is very important for government projects and infrastructure construction. The payment is slow, and the profits and risks are high. Therefore, I think commercial lighting is more suitable for partners with strong financial resources. about LED consumer portable lighting products (such as: LED miner's lamp diving lamp flashlight, etc.) This part of the product has been done for about three years, and its technology and market are mature, related to indoor lighting and commercial In terms of lighting, there is no technical content, and the market tends to be saturated. When investing in LED lighting products in this area, it is necessary to focus on the short-term return of returns.
Commercial Lighting Market Analysis
According to Taiwan TEK market analysis, the global lighting market will grow to 132 billion US dollars by 2020, of which North America is still the region with the largest electricity consumption in the world, but the growth of lighting demand in European and American countries will slow down, including China and Asia , Africa and other emerging countries will grow rapidly, driven by new construction needs, the promotion of power popularization, and the increase in outdoor lighting utilization; among them, the market size of lighting lamps is 25.4 billion US dollars, and the market size of lighting equipment/devices is 106.6 billion US dollars. . Commercial lighting accounts for 43% of the world's total lighting market electricity consumption, with the highest proportion. Among them, retail, office buildings, warehousing, education buildings, health care and other application fields account for 70% of the total commercial lighting market. At present, the proportion of LED lighting in the global lighting market is still low. In 2007, the global LED lighting market scale was about 100 million US dollars. Compared with 2006, the annual growth rate reached 60%, and the LED lighting market developed the fastest year; in 2008, due to the global Affected by the financial crisis, the global LED lighting market size is about 400 million US dollars, an increase of about 21% over 2007. In addition, the market demand is small and diverse, so it is still a basic market; with the gradual decline of the average cost of LED and the continuous improvement of product performance, the speed of commercialization of LED lighting will also accelerate. Among them, the largest application field of LED lighting at this stage is architectural landscape lighting, accounting for 45% of the global LED lighting market. Due to the improvement in the luminous flux and luminous efficiency of white LEDs, the adoption rate of street lights, traffic lights, garden lights, searchlights, step lights, and balcony lights is growing rapidly, especially with China as the largest application market, accounting for 36%.
Commercial lighting is currently focused on LED street lights, landscape lights, guardrail tubes, tunnel lights, miner's lights, backup lighting, car lights, etc.
LED Basics
(1) LED classification
1. According to the color of the light-emitting tube, it is divided into red, orange, green (subdivided into yellow-green, standard green and pure green), blue light, etc. In addition, some light-emitting diodes include chips of two or three colors. According to whether the light-emitting diode emits light with or without a scattering agent, whether it is colored or colorless, the above-mentioned light-emitting diodes of various colors can also be divided into four types: colored and transparent, colorless and transparent, colored scattering and colorless scattering.
2. 2. According to the characteristics of the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting tube, it is divided into round light, square light, rectangular light, surface light-emitting tube, lateral tube, micro-tube for surface installation, etc. Circular lamps are divided into φ2mm, φ, φ5mm, φ8mm, φ10mm and φ20mm according to their diameters. In foreign countries, light-emitting diodes with φ3mm are usually recorded as T-1; those with φ5mm are recorded as T-1 (3/4); and those with φ are recorded as T-1 (1/4) [6-8]. The angle distribution of circular luminous intensity can be estimated by the half-value angle.
3. There are three types of scatter plots of luminous intensity:
High directivity. The same is a pointed epoxy package, or a metal reflective cavity package, and no scattering agent is added. The half-value angle is 5° to 20° or less, and has high directivity. It can be used as a local illumination light source, or combined with a light detector to form an automatic detection system.
Standard type. It is usually used as an indicator light, and its half-value angle is 20° to 45°.
Scatter type. This is an indicator light with a larger viewing angle, a half-value angle of 45° to 90° or more, and a larger amount of scattering agent.
4. 3. According to the structure of the light-emitting diode, it can be divided into full epoxy encapsulation, metal base epoxy encapsulation, ceramic base epoxy encapsulation and glass encapsulation and other structures
5. According to luminous intensity and working current, there are general brightness LEDs (luminous intensity less than 10mcd); ultra-high brightness LEDs (luminous intensity greater than 100mcd); high-brightness light-emitting diodes with luminous intensity between 10 and 100mcd.
(2) Introduction of white LED
There are two types of white LEDs:
1. The first one is RGB, which is indeed red LED + green LED + blue LED. The main problem of this method of synthesizing white light with RGB is that the conversion efficiency of green light is low. At this moment, the conversion efficiency of red, green and blue LEDs reaches 30%. %, 10% and 25%, the white light lumen efficiency can reach 80lm/w; by further improving the lumen efficiency of blue-green LEDs, the white light lumen efficiency can reach 200lm/w, due to the different color temperature and color rendering index required for synthetic white light , the lumen efficiency of each color LED of synthetic white light is different.
2. The second way is LED+ phosphors of different colors:
The first method is to use ultraviolet or violet LED+RGB phosphors to synthesize LEDs. This working principle is similar to that of fluorescent lamps, but its performance is superior to that of fluorescent lamps. Among them, the conversion coefficient of violet LEDs can reach 80%. The quantum conversion efficiency can reach 90%,
Another method is to use blue LED + red and green phosphors, the efficiency of blue LED is 60%, and the efficiency of phosphor is 70%.
There is also blue LED + yellow phosphor to form white light.
Summary: Comparing the two approaches, RGB three-color LEDs have good overall performance in synthesizing white light. Under high color rendering index, the lumen efficiency may be as high as 200lm/w. The most important technical problem to be solved is to improve the efficiency of green LEDs. The electro-optical conversion efficiency is currently only about 13%, and the cost is high.
(3) Introduction of high-power LED
1 With the improvement of semiconductor materials and packaging technology, the luminous flux and luminous efficiency of LEDs have gradually increased, thus making solid light sources possible, which have been widely used in special lighting fields such as traffic lights, automotive lighting, and billboards, and are gradually becoming more and more general. The transition in the lighting field is widely regarded as the fourth-generation light source that is expected to replace incandescent and fluorescent lamps.
2. Different application fields put forward higher requirements for LED light sources, in addition to different requirements for LED light emitting efficiency and light color, but also different requirements for light emitting angle and light intensity distribution. This not only requires the upstream chip factory to develop new semiconductor materials, improve the chip manufacturing process, and design chips that meet the requirements, but also puts forward higher requirements for the downstream packaging factory to design a package structure that meets the necessary light intensity distribution to improve the light utilization outside the LED. Rate.